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Your local shelters likely have programs where you can take in foster animals for a limited amount of time, then return them. Usually, you will get kittens that are too young to receive spay/neuter surgery. You feed and take care of them for a few weeks until they are old enough to be spayed, then you take them back to the shelter to be adopted by someone else. Less commonly, you can take care of adult cats that have undergone some kind of surgery and need time to heal and recover before they can be adopted.
Not only does this immensely help the shelter by freeing up space in their kennels, but it gives you time to experience owning and caring for an animal. It also lets you take in animals on a trial basis, and see if their personality is a good match for you. If you really like your foster cat, you can always choose to adopt it full time. There's a chance you might be mildly allergic to cats, so it also helps you see if having a cat present in your house persistently will give you sneezes and sniffles.
I am allergic to cats, so I exclusively foster. They don't bother me in limited amounts, but after a cat has been in my house for a few weeks I start to wake up with a stuffy nose every day, and find myself sneezing often. Fostering works out great because by the time my allergies set in, it's time for my kittens to go back and get their forever-home. Work with a No-Kill shelter, because obviously you don't want the pressure of thinking your animal might be euthanized if somebody else doesn't adopted it. Fortunately my entire city is No-Kill, so it's not an issue for me. Kittens are almost inevitably adopted anyway, it's the adult cats who have a hard time finding homes.
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