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How did we get 4% Neanderthal DNA?

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Reeks

Member
We ate them.

This is actually pretty funny. I have a friend who works in a genomics lab. They gathered cheek swab samples from people all around the world. As the story goes, there was one population that kept coming up with swine DNA. The could not figure it out for a while.
Turns out it was due to diet (and I guess bad mouth hygiene practices). So it was residual DNA hanging out in their mouths after chomping down on pork. EW.
 
Mitochondria are normally inherited exclusively from the mother and genome sequencing has revealed there is no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in humans.

This likely means that either Neanderthal females and Human males produced infertile offspring or no offspring at all.

it is generally believed that sapien men did impregnate Neanderthal women, but most of their children died. For example, this could have been the Lapedo child

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapedo_child

So even though male Neandertals and female modern humans probably hooked up more than once over the ages, they may have been unable to produce many healthy male babies (such as the reconstruction of this Neandertal boy from fossils from Gibraltar)—and, thus, hastened the extinction of Neandertals.

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016...ndertals-had-trouble-making-babies-here-s-why
https://www.seeker.com/first-love-child-of-human-neanderthal-found-1767365937.html
 

Nabbis

Member
How is it overblown? Sure, it's a small amount of genetic information that probably has little overall effect- but that's not the interesting part.. the interesting part is that it did occur. And do you mean genetic bottleneck?

Overblown in a sense that in the context of sapiens and neanderthals, the genetic difference and classification into different species would have translated to drastically different behavior. That may or may not have been the case for many things that we would assume is superior in our species like feelings of love that OP mentions. I should have probably clarified that.
 

Measley

Junior Member
160113094817-neanderthals-allergies-exlarge-169.jpg


Yeesh.....

Man, pure Africans lucked out on that one.
 

entremet

Member
Early humans were better at violence and rape.
Actually, humans are notorious choosy maters compared to other animals.

Has to do with how vulnerable our offspring are.

Sex and procreation have been intertwined for millions of years and that's still its primary function. We're part of nature and not exempt.
 

III-V

Member
I don't think this is a good question for NeoGAF, unless it is just for kicks. If this cave's a rocking' don't come a knockin' type of responses.

My personal assessment would be that 4% doesn't linger from a few rapes, but actually long time cohabitation of similar areas, where both species were alive and likely competing and collaborating for mates, game, space, etc.
 

Parch

Member
My personal take is: Neanderthals were sophisticated enough to be culturally compatible to sapiens, so they probably had clans and tribes and shit, who had meetings to trade mates.
That's pretty much what historians believe. While interaction happened, it was rare. The eventual demise of the Neanderthal wasn't war or disease or anything so dramatic, but it was the lack of genetic diversification. Their tribes were small, and when they found a reliable food source they would just stay there for multiple generations. They didn't migrate or encounter other compatible species very much so the lack of genetic diversification ended up being their demise. The small population groups were too spread out and over several thousand years each tribe eventually just died out.
RIP brothers.
 
you ever seen quest for fire? basically that
the doctor actually mentions that in the video.
That's pretty much what historians believe. While interaction happened, it was rare. The eventual demise of the Neanderthal wasn't war or disease or anything so dramatic, but it was the lack of genetic diversification. Their tribes were small, and when they found a reliable food source they would just stay there for multiple generations. They didn't migrate or encounter other compatible species very much so the lack of genetic diversification ended up being their demise. The small population groups were too spread out and over several thousand years each tribe eventually just died out.
RIP brothers.
and sisters...don't forget to let our sisters RIP too.
Looks like a Klingon..

Is this a pretty accurate depiction of a female?

ancestor.png
yep, I like this one a lot, too. it's cute coz it's got a family.

giant-heads-nearly-killed-our-ancestors-but-human-immaturity-saved-us.jpg
 
Before worldwide travel, there were probably different kinds of human ancestors living in all kinds of places.. Then they started moving about and having sex, heyooo!
 

sphagnum

Banned
Mitochondria are normally inherited exclusively from the mother and genome sequencing has revealed there is no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in humans.

This likely means that either Neanderthal females and Human males produced infertile offspring or no offspring at all.

So what you're saying is some early homo sapiens guys were getting cucked by neanderthal dudes. I can just see the greentext caveposting now...
 

Madness

Member
If modern (in terms of homo sapien scale) history is anything to go by, it's a combination of war (prisoners getting raped for ownership) and love (Romeo and Juliet).

This. Pretty much though was spread through war and killing rather than love. Homo Sapiens are smarter and had greater weaponry. Would probably slaughter a Neanderthal camp, rape the women and keep them as slaves who bore children that had homo sapiens and neanderthal DNA. Another likely scenario is just mixed intermingling. Many neanderthals also started to traverse from all over Europe. It just happened. And then due to restrictions on movement and close proximity, population groups became homogenous. Some humans have had several thousand years of separate evolution. Compare the DNA of some of the northernmost European/Scandinavians with Sun-Saharan Africans with Indigenous Australians with Indigenous South Americans etc.
 

Par Score

Member
How is this a question? There is no mystery here.

Fucking. A whole lot of fucking.

People fuck grapefruit. People fuck exhaust pipes. People fuck vinyl couches. People fuck everything from cows to crocodiles.

If any of the other things humanity has fucked throughout the ages had actually been capable of interbreeding we'd have a %age of their DNA too. Fortunately man and grapefruit are just too far apart to breed.
 

LordOfChaos

Member
Actually an interesting topic despite the "fuckin'" one liner jokes, the interactions between the two (and three) species would have been interesting to see.

Neanderthals had symbolic thought, so they were also capable of forms of written language like us, it's pretty...I don't know, mind boggling, staggering, saddening, to think, what if they had survived till now as well, what would they have been today?

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/neandertal-symbolism/

We also copied their technology early on -

http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/modern-humans-may-have-copied-neanderthal-technology-1.1396420

What technology would they have had in 2017?
 

Hycran

Banned
Probably rape at first.

Then eventually the distinctions vanished so it became the usual mating. Same thing as we have seen iver and over again in history.

This was also my thought. The fact is that almost all of human history until maybe the last few hundred years, rape played a big part in passing on DNA.
 
As to the question of how we've managed to retain that approximate 4%, instead of reducing it to basically nothing, the most probable cause is that neanderthal DNA became widespread enough in the population that it could be inherited from both parents. So instead of one parent having say, 12.5%, and the other 0%, reducing your percentage to 6.25%, one has 6% and another 4%, averaging out to around 5%. Some may have more and others may have less, but so long as the general population has a minimum amount of Neanderthal DNA, it will never go below a certain threshold.
 

Grym

Member
When God removed Adam's rib to create Eve, he actually replaced it with a Neanderthal rib. Over the ages this part of the official historic text has sadly been lost. :'(
 

StayDead

Member
I've always felt like that as well. I've always wondered what would've happened it the Neanderthal's had survived and lived a lot longer. Would it have been possible that we would currently have two "major" species in control of the planet later on in history?

I really need to read into it sometime, but I'd love to know what happened to them and how we believe they died. Is it possible that as species we interbred to the point that evolution made it discernible who was and wasn't a neanderthal?
 

Moosichu

Member
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX2iv4SyNHg

This is a good video on Neanderthal DNA and the effects it may have on the human body.


I've always felt like that as well. I've always wondered what would've happened it the Neanderthal's had survived and lived a lot longer. Would it have been possible that we would currently have two "major" species in control of the planet later on in history?

I really need to read into it sometime, but I'd love to know what happened to them and how we believe they died. Is it possible that as species we interbred to the point that evolution made it discernible who was and wasn't a neanderthal?

The evidence appears to show that this wasn't the case - interbreeding was really rare. Neanderthals did die out through other means - although we aren't entirely sure what caused them to do so. Humans probably played a big a part by killing them.
 

marrec

Banned
How is this a question? There is no mystery here.

Fucking. A whole lot of fucking.

People fuck grapefruit. People fuck exhaust pipes. People fuck vinyl couches. People fuck everything from cows to crocodiles.

If any of the other things humanity has fucked throughout the ages had actually been capable of interbreeding we'd have a %age of their DNA too. Fortunately man and grapefruit are just too far apart to breed.

OP's question is far more interesting, if you'd read the OP. They acknowledge that fuckin' went on, but what kinda fuckin?

Are we talking about the different cultures mixing in a non-violent way? Where Neanderthal and Homospadien people would freely intermix in trade and relations and family? Or are we talking violent fuckin?
 
Sorry OP. Look how humans act now with an abundance of resources. Now imagine back then the fight for resources? Neanderthals were probably killed and raped into nonexistence.
 

Dryk

Member
I really need to read into it sometime, but I'd love to know what happened to them and how we believe they died. Is it possible that as species we interbred to the point that evolution made it discernible who was and wasn't a neanderthal?
Current evidence suggests that human-Neanderthal hybrids were often sterile, and that the male fetuses may have been non-viable, so it's unlikely.
 

y2dvd

Member
Come on. You can find humans today with all sorts of sexual fetishes. Is it really surprising our ancestors would bone any other species?
 
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