Odallus is awesome. It's probably one of the best examples of what you're looking for. Please tell me you played
Castlevania The Adventure Rebirth? If not that should be your next objective.
That said, there aren't a ton of Classic-style clones out there, but I'll do my best to suggest some stuff that might be up your alley:
Soul of Darkness surprised the hell out of me. It's a pretty good little Castlevania clone and oddly worth looking into.
Parasitus is currently an XBLIG exclusive and still available I believe, and was definitely fun. It's cheap as heck, so if you're still rocking a 360, do it up.
Shaman King Master of Spirits and the sequel are fun games, so there's two right off the bat for you. I believe (someone correct me if wrong?) they're literally built using the same engine as Circle of the Moon, since the first game uses the same literal assets as one of the levels found there. It's not the deepest set of Castlevania clones, but they're fun enough. One note, do not buy Legacy of Spirits. Not teh same kind of game at all.
Monster Tale doesn't get nearly enough love. It's on the easier side, but it's a lot of fun and totally something you'd enjoy if you're going more for the later entries in the Castlevania series.
Games to avoid:
Bloodrayne: Betrayal: Starts of great and has amazing music, but gets really repetitive and tedious as you play on. By the end of it I hated it.
Anima Ark of Sinners: Just pure garbage trash. Don't bother with it.
Notes on other replies:
Ninja Gaiden and Castlevania play quite differently. I would not say that NG piggybacks off Castlevania, and while you might like both, they're very different games.
Volgarr is cool but really hard. It's also definitely a Rastan clone in every way on purpose, not a Castlevania clone. You might like it, though.
Holy Diver, I hear, is really really hard. I thought about buying the Famicom cart but after hearing that, I'm steering away.
Locomolito is a great developer, and Curse of Issyos is great, as is Maldita Castila (it's like a Ghosts N Goblins/Castlevania mashup).