On the 5th of October 1789, a group of Parisian women descended upon the Town Hall, blockading the entrances, breaking in the doors and burning papers. This was followed by a steady escalation that led to a march upon the Palace of Versailles and eventually the exodus of the King and his entourage to Paris. The October Days occurred within a time of upheaval, and the march of a host of women upon the Monarchs palace makes for a fascinating and evocative tale, however behind the events of that October are the complex situation of the moment. These circumstances are to some extent revealed in the coloured narratives written at the time and afterwards and through examination of these sources we can gain some understanding of such tumultuous happenings.
Prominent in the accounts of the lead up to the storming of the Hotel De Ville are two things; grain shortages in Paris and the scandal of the cockades . The first is cited in many accounts as the prime source of tension and indeed the driving factor in the march itself. The second it seems gave a direction and urgency to the marchers, as rumours of plots and conspiracies gave the populace a target for their anxieties. Upon reaching Versailles, the threats of those marching revolved around the Queens person while the requests of the masses centred upon the King. These two things seem to represent two branches of the same desire; bread. The person of the Queen seems to represent the treacherous, foreign face of the monarchy, a conspiratorial impediment to the dinner tables of Paris . The King on the other hand appears as the misguided yet reasonable noble aspect of rule, a force to be lobbied rather than assaulted.
This perception appears in the dual manifestation of the actions of the marchers. On the one hand we have the hideous picture of popular fury directed at the Queen and her protectors and on the other we see the attitude of those who seek a redress for their problems through an audience with the King . This redress was perceived to be achieved with the acquiescence of the King to go to Paris, something which allowed, if circumstance necessitated it, a ready return to either or both courses of action. On the return march, both the severed head of Royal Guards and loaves of bread acted as banners for those marching, one representative of the products of the lobbying of the group and the other indicative of the violence that it was capable of.
In this the Parisian group acted in a way that speaks highly of a common purpose, considering that, despite Fourniers eagerness to claim it , the group acted without any evident central leadership. This common purpose was that desire formerly mentioned: bread. While the Journal de Paris alludes to vagueness in purpose and reason amongst those marching on Versailles , it seems evident that the defining drive throughout the October Days was a desire for control over the supply of grain to Paris. This desire was manifest in the communal action of the mob at all points . Alongside the actions of the crowd sits those of the National Guard units that accompanied it, who on the whole attempted to moderate the actions of the group . However these troopers were on the most part beholden to the will of the crowds, capable of slowing but not subverting the actions of the group .
Part of an essay I am working on lol