Very good, I hope you have fun! Here are few notes to help you out while you are here
- Make sure you grab a free Sydney tourism guidebook when you touch down at the airport. They're available at stands prior to when you go through Duty Free to Customs. The guides are surprisingly detailed and have coupons which will save you a tonne if you intend on doing some sightseeing since many of the attractions are not cheap. Like the zoo for example which costs ~$50 per person!
- You have decided to come during the centenary celebrations of the Royal Australian Navy first arriving in Sydney. There will be many events on the harbour, the foreshore will be packed and the public transportation network will be under strain. Plan in advance if you intend on doing anything in the Sydney CBD during this period.
http://www.navy.gov.au/ifr/
- With transport avoid parking in the city if it is a weekday as you can be paying ~$100 for 3-4 hours if you are not careful. Your friend should be well versed as to where to go and how to get there but check in advance due to the changes being made for the International Navy Fleet Review.
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www.131500.com will help for public transport (theres an app as well)
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http://livetraffic.rta.nsw.gov.au will help for travelling via car (theres also an app for this)
- Take advantage of the free shuttle bus service that runs throughout the CBD.
http://www.131500.com.au/tickets/upload/docs/555map.pdf
- On the 6th of October daylight savings will begin so don't forget to move your watch an hour forward otherwise you'll find yourself an hour late for anything you have planned on that day!
In terms of things to see and do which aren't in the usual tourism publications I can recommend off the top of my head:
- This awesome walking tour run by volunteers where you pay as little or as much as you want
http://www.imfree.com.au/
- Climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge
Pylon which is the cheaper and easier option than climbing the bridge itself.
http://www.pylonlookout.com.au
- Taking the ferry from the City to Manly and back again. Sit at the front of the boat in the open air section and just enjoy the views.
There's plenty more to do and see but they'll likely be covered by tourism guide books and be known to your friend.
I suspect looking for areas you want to live in will actually be quite complex. Sydney is described as a city of villages, it is wide spread and the atmosphere and demographics living in one part can be dramatically different to another. Where you end up working will also influence where you live as you will probably want to minimise long commutes if possible. Good luck with that one!
Anyway I do hope you have a good time while you are down here. If you have any questions feel free to post and do keep us updated! =D