Turn-based and semi-turn based.
Action could be awesome. It should be awesome. Japan makes the best action games imo (Ninja Gaiden, Bayonetta, etc). Action JRPGs are terrible though. They are an abomination to the concept of an action game. The combat is beyond horrid. Good turn-based >>>>>>>>> bad action. The closest thing that I've seen to decent combat in an action JRPG isn't even a JRPG, but Phantom Dust imo is a great example of how you can keep all the crazy attacks of a JRPG like meteors being summoned and other insanity and still have enjoyable combat that satisfies the action part.
Oh, Dragon's Dogma. That's got combat that steps up to being ok, which makes it like the best action jrpg combat ever conceived.