Rates of non-paternity
The rate of non-paternity is commonly quoted to be around 10%.[1][3][4]
However, a 2005 scientific review of international published studies of paternal discrepancy found a range in incidence from 0.8% to 30% (median 3.7%), suggesting that the widely quoted figure of 10% of non-paternal events is an overestimate. In situations where disputed parentage was the reason for the paternity testing, there were higher levels; an incidence of 17% to 33% (median of 26.9%). Most at risk of parental discrepancy were those born to younger parents, to unmarried couples and those of lower socio-economic status, or from certain cultural groups.[5]
A 2006 study examined non-paternity rates from 67 published studies. Non-paternity rates for men who were judged to have high paternity confidence ranged from 1.9% in the U.S. and Canada, 1.6% in Europe, and 2.9% elsewhere. In contrast, men in studies of disputed paternity, considered to have low paternity confidence, the rates of non-paternity were higher – 29% in the U.S. and Canada, 29% in Europe, and 30% elsewhere.[6]
The rates value varies according to the population studied:
United Kingdom:
- 1 to 2% in a sample of 1,678 men[7]
- 1.3%[8]
Mexico: 9.8% to 13.8% in a sample of 396 children[9]
Switzerland: 0.3 to 1.3% in a sample of 1,607 children[10]
United States:
- A study in Michigan of 1417 white and 523 black children found non-paternity rates of 1.4% and 10.1% respectively.[11]
- A study of 1748 Hawaiian families with 2839 children reported a non-paternity rate of 2 to 3%.[12]
France: 2.8% in a sample of 362 children[13]