Sir Fragula said:
Just because there are other, worse incidents, doesn't mean they weren't attrocities.
We've done this a million times, but the decision to target a civilian city rather than an uninhabited island, a pure military target or a stretch of countryside *first* was one of many evil and unforgiveable acts committed in the 20th century. The decision to drop a second, even as requests for peace were being made, was even worse.
It's not defensible. There was no need to go from 0 to Hiroshima; there was nothing stopping a visible but casualty-free demonstration of the weapon as a first step.
From a utilitarian position it makes no sense. The point of the A bombs was for a surrender, which was secured. Dropping it in an open field would have allowed the militarists to spin their way out. And the US only had 2 bombs. a Third was not ready immediately and the Russians surely would have invaded and grabbed half or more of Japan if the bluff failed. The decision to inflict maximum damage to secure a quick surrender made a lot of sense at the time, and still do.
The decision may have been influenced in part by racism, and the view of the Japanese as the 'alien' race that must be brought to its knees and by Truman's practical calculations of a re-election and the domestic calculations like rising war weariness w/ the public. But the implications of a divided Japan, which had no precedent at the time as Korea would not happen from another 10 years and Germany was still nominally under occupation and not yet devided into two ideologically opposed states, would have certainly changed history, and I would argue made tens of millions of people's lives a lot worse.
As for your second point. There were no peace offerings. The Foreign minister considered surrender, but wanted to go through the Russians. When the Soviets announced it would invade Japan after Postdam, that was closed.
No one in the cabinet had any authority to surrender, even if they sent feelers. The state of the Japanese war effort required Hirohito to decide to surrender, which he did, after the 2nd bomb. Not before. A lot the hand wringing over this 'they would have surrendered earlier' has little pracrtical validity even if it was tried as they were bound to fail horribly or lead to some fucked up alternate reality where Japan engages in guerilla warfare while the Americans occupied the country-- you know kinda like Iraq., The allies knew full well Japan tried to surrender through the Russians with a whole list of strigns attached, which not only included keeping the monarchy, but maintaining the power of the militarist to prevent them from prosecution.
The suggestion that somehow Japan, which had full plans for guerilla warfare was ready to surrender is proposterous. Some people in the cabinet may have been, but the population and the millions of Japanese troops overseas certainly would not listen to them.
Military coups were a dime a dozen in Japan at this time. In fact, Junior officers attempted a coup to prevent Hirohito from surrendering.