It's all relative. The human race has performed a genocide... on smallpox. That's evil right? Oh you don't think so?Got one discrepancy only.
Statements 1 and 27: Is morality relative?
48% of the people who have completed this activity have this tension in their beliefs.
You agreed that:
There are no objective moral standards; moral judgements are merely an expression of the values of particular cultures
And also that:
Acts of genocide stand as a testament to man's ability to do great evil
There's no 'objectively' in that second statement. 'evil', while not otherwise specified, is a relative term.
So, not only the test basically takes up semantics - but uses an uncommon interpretation of the word to say that.
I had one clash over how I found genocide to be morally reprehensible whilst believing in moral relativity. I don't think that's really a clash though.
Completely misread the question.
got a 7 and the question that tripped me up was the leaving behind something non-physical when you die where I over thought the meaning of "non-physical".
You agreed that:
The environment should not be damaged unnecessarily in the pursuit of human ends
But disagreed that:
People should not journey by car if they can walk, cycle or take a train instead
That's not true at all. People believe in plenty of simply untrue things.
Opinions are either right or wrong.
7% tension.
No objective moral standards contrasted to the evil of genocide seems to be my tension.
That's weird because I agreed "People should not journey by car if they can walk, cycle or take a train instead" and disagreed that "the environment should not be damaged unnecessarily in the pursuit of human ends" and still got a 0.
I misread that question first as well. It didn't ask whether you considered the second world war 'just a war'. It asked whether you considered it 'a just war'.
E.g. Drug possession. I have no qualms if it's pot in someone's pocket. If it's ice or heroin, they aren't entitled to it due to high probability of causing others harm.
Wasn't the statement that genocide is always morally reprehensible? If you agree that morals are fluid than stating that something is always morally reprehensible is a clash because in that case you think of morals as not fluid but absolute.I had one clash over how I found genocide to be morally reprehensible whilst believing in moral relativity. I don't think that's really a clash though.
Not really that good a survey if it provides general questions and claims you are in conflict when some of the questions imply possible consequences.
E.g. Drug possession. I have no qualms if it's pot in someone's pocket. If it's ice or heroin, they aren't entitled to it due to high probability of causing others harm.
These philosophers aren't qualified for their own jobs.
0 tensions, feels good.
Wasn't the statement that genocide is always morally reprehensible? If you agree that morals are fluid than stating that something is always morally reprehensible is a clash because in that case you think of morals as not fluid but absolute.
I think the test should have been more specific on if it wanted factual answers or opinions. If I knew they wanted me to put down what I believed were absolute facts of reality instead of my personal opinion, most of my answers would have probably been different.
Actually most of my answers would just be "I don't know." Thats the biggest flaw of this test. In Philosophy "I don't know" is pretty much the correct answer to everything.
I think most people will be caught out by this...
But when you examine the nature of genocides... it isn't that any human being goes out and decides that 7 million people need to die because you know what, fuck 7 million people.
These are events that always emerge out of a disastrous understanding and conflict of moral actions.
No action can be framed as evil - because evil is meaningless if the understanding of morality is malleable. That is, one man's evil might be another man's good.
It isn't actually, but thanks for playing.
You agreed that:
There are no objective moral standards; moral judgements are merely an expression of the values of particular cultures
And also that:
Acts of genocide stand as a testament to man's ability to do great evil
The tension between these two beliefs is that, on the one hand, you are saying that morality is just a matter of culture and convention, but on the other, you are prepared to condemn acts of genocide as 'evil'. But what does it mean to say 'genocide is evil'? To reconcile the tension, you could say that all you mean is that to say 'genocide is evil' is to express the values of your particular culture. It does not mean that genocide is evil for all cultures and for all times. However, are you really happy to say, for example, that the massacre of the Tutsi people in 1994 by the Hutu dominated Rwandan Army was evil from the point of view of your culture but not evil from the point of view of the Rwandan Army, and what is more, that there is no sense in which one moral judgement is superior to the other? If moral judgements really are 'merely the expression of the values of a particular culture', then how are the values which reject genocide and torture at all superior to those which dont?
Statements 2 and 9: Can we please ourselves?
29% of the people who have completed this activity have this tension in their beliefs.
You agreed that:
So long as they do not harm others, individuals should be free to pursue their own ends
But disagreed that:
The possession of drugs for personal use should be decriminalised
In order not to be in contradiction here, you must be able to make a convincing case that the personal use of drugs harms people other than the drug user. More than this - you must also show that prohibited drug use harms others more than other legal activities such as smoking, drinking and driving cars, unless you want to argue that these should also be made criminal offences. As alcohol, tobacco and car accidents are among the leading killers in western society, this case may be hard to make. You also have to make the case for each drug you think should not be decriminalised. The set of drugs which are currently illegal is not a natural one, so there is no reason to treat all currently illegal drugs the same.
0 tensions, feels good.
Wasn't the statement that genocide is always morally reprehensible? If you agree that morals are fluid than stating that something is always morally reprehensible is a clash because in that case you think of morals as not fluid but absolute.
Seems to me if a person truly believes in moral relativism then they can't also be in favor of putting people in prison. In fact, if someone really believes in moral relativism, then I don't see how they can even believe in the existence of laws of any kind. If you're a true moral relativist, then you've got to be an anarchist.
two conflicts.
I dont really agree that these are tensions though. Sure it is uncomfortable to say that one view of evil is not strictly superior to another, but comfort has no say in the matter.
as for drugs, I would agree that people have the right to pursue their own interests as long as they do not harm themselves or others, but that's not an option. still, agree is closer to my view than disagree is, so I'm somewhat forced into the contradiction. and yeah, I'd be happy to argue that Krokodil is more harmful than tobacco.
I don't think moral relativism implies that. I think the only requirement of moral relativism is that all moral views are equally valid.
Just because a set of views (moral or otherwise) are valid doesn't mean you can't make laws based on some set of morals. It's just that you can't logically argue that those laws are the only correct set of laws.
Not to imply that all laws are set to enforce a certain moral standard. Some laws are just there to ensure smooth operations (which side of the street to drive on.)
I don't think you understand what I said, but I don't quite understand what you said so I'm not sure. x_x
Seems to me if a person truly believes in moral relativism then they can't also be in favor of putting people in prison. In fact, if someone really believes in moral relativism, then I don't see how they can even believe in the existence of laws of any kind. If you're a true moral relativist, then you've got to be an anarchist.
I don't think moral relativism implies that. I think the only requirement of moral relativism is that all moral views are equally valid.
Just because a set of views (moral or otherwise) are valid doesn't mean you can't make laws based on some set of morals. It's just that you can't logically argue that those laws are the only correct set of laws.
Not to imply that all laws are set to enforce a certain moral standard. Some laws are just there to ensure smooth operations (which side of the street to drive on.)
Philosophy is all about questioning reality, to admit you don't really know what "god" knows, and to try to figure out the best possible solutions to your own inadequate capability. We may come up with great ideas but we can never know for sure. Philosophy is never ending. As long as you believe there is potential you got even a small part of something wrong, you are admitting to yourself that you do not know for sure.
Edit: removed use of the word Faith, realized that was improper usage as I read it back.
You agreed that:
The right to life is so fundamental that financial considerations are irrelevant in any effort to save lives
But disagreed that:
Governments should be allowed to increase taxes sharply to save lives in the developing world
You agreed that:
The environment should not be damaged unnecessarily in the pursuit of human ends
But disagreed that:
People should not journey by car if they can walk, cycle or take a train instead
You agreed that:
So long as they do not harm others, individuals should be free to pursue their own ends
But disagreed that:
The possession of drugs for personal use should be decriminalised
You agreed that:
Judgements about works of art are purely matters of taste
And also that:
Michaelangelo is indubitably one of history's finest artists
You agreed that:
The government should not permit the sale of treatments which have not been tested for efficacy and safety
And also that:
Alternative and complementary medicine is as valuable as mainstream medicine
Yeah I started noticing the questions were kind of coming in pairs. Around question 26 I realized "Oh shit this thing's gonna call me a hypocrite."
Oh well, 7's pretty good.
I wonder what the holocaust one was paired with?
Some tough questions there. Hard to give yes or no answers for some of those.
Wait, people said there are no objective truths? How do you even come to that conclusion?
Wait, people said there are no objective truths? How do you even come to that conclusion?
The reason I believe in moral relativism is because I believe morality is simply a human constructed system of rules that optimize social behaviour for a condition that you set.
Not all societies will set utility (most happiness, least harm) as that condition (e.g. theological societies), and as a result, what is right or wrong in their moral system will not accord with another system that sets another condition.
That allows me to set utility as the condition for which my system of morality is directed towards; and assess the impact and efficacy of one rule or behaviour over another.
I got one tension.
"You agreed that:
So long as they do not harm others, individuals should be free to pursue their own ends
But disagreed that:
The possession of drugs for personal use should be decriminalised"
I felt that by and large most currently illegal drugs should remain illegal but that we should focus on rehabilitation rather than persecution. I also feel that drugs destroy lives other than that of the individual taking them. It's bad enough how many children suffer at the hands of alcoholic parents or breathe in cigarette smoke every day so we shouldn't make it easier for people who have the lives of others in their hands to become addicted to substances that take away their self-control and ability to act responsibly.
Is my answer good enough or am I a hypocrite?
But if you didn't believe that the laws you set up were the only correct set of laws, then you wouldn't set them up in the first place, because you'd realize that any other set of laws would be equally valid. If you believe in moral relativism, then you can't say that murder is wrong or bad, not really.
But if you didn't believe that the laws you set up were the only correct set of laws, then you wouldn't set them up in the first place, because you'd realize that any other set of laws would be equally valid. If you believe in moral relativism, then you can't say that murder is wrong or bad, not really. And so how can you put someone in prison if what they did wasn't wrong? I mean, I think that whether or not a particular song or movie is "good" is subjective, and so I would never want to pass laws that would make it illegal to like a song I didn't like.
Yes, morality is human constructed. It's not something inherent in nature, and it's not God's will (since God doesn't exist). But I'd wager that deep down you don't want to let theological societies be. You want to change those theological societies into utility societies,...because you think that utility societies are better. If you really believed that the initial condition that a society constructed it's system around was subjective, then you wouldn't want to change those theological society's initial conditions...but you do.