Relatitivity does assume that the laws of physics doesn't change depending on location so yes, the identical concepts of time would exist. But since space and time is interlinked the experience of time at another place will differ to our own, depending entirely on how fast their frame of reference is moving compared to our own. This is called time dilation and is taken into account for the internal clocks of our satellites to match up with ours: Time actually moves slower on themI mean, Is the concept of time the same in other places of the Universe relative to earth?
is time slower or faster or intermitent in other places? time is ever-present, right?
Funnily enough, if somebody would be watching our clocks from the satellite it would be ours that would appear to be moving slower, not his, which has mindfucked quite a few students over the years!
Everything we see around is is light reaching us from some past. Stars and galaxies move while the light is still in transit, not necessarily to be filled in with something else (after all most of space is empty). We can actually see light reaching us from just a few hundred thousand years after the big bang, resulting in one of the coolest pictures ever createdis all in the observable universe in "our" present a a real thing or are there portions that is just the light/image/energy of a distant past reaching us and there's nothing really there? and if yes, then what's there now? dark matter?
And these are definitely not stupid questions, it took a lot of time for some of the smartest persons of our planet to work these problems out or just plain accept them even after seing experiments support them. Many scientific revolutions have had to fight very hard before getting accepted.