I had every intention of reading each reply, but was quickly frustrated and decided to just share my own thoughts w/r/t the OP.
Personally, I'm all for equality of opportunity, to whatever degree is reasonable depending on the society. The socio-political-economic system that is present in a country like the United States will inherently benefit those with wealthy family. They will go to better schools, have better access to health care, and ultimately have better jobs. This wealth and opportunity will be passed on through each generation. They have the means to capitalize best from the system. It's not because they necessarily worked harder or were more "productive". You can be damn sure that the people who wash your public bathrooms are working their asses off and often even work two jobs for meagre wages. They normally didn't have access to the same opportunities.
In order to have a more just distribution of wealth (and I think it would be "just" because the system itself is, if left alone, terribly unjust and disproportionate), you'd obviously need to tax the rich more heavily. This, to me, seems perfectly fine. If you've accrued a massive amount of wealth as a result of the way the system benefits you, and meanwhile millions of people don't have access to good education or health care or security or whatever because they've been born into a more impoverished environment, then there should be redistribution.
There are two reasons, as I see it, as to why this is not a widely popular opinion in the United States. 1. There's a tradition of individualism and related 'wisdom' that gives people the attitude that what they earn is entirely a product of their own unique labour, irrespective of the opportunities given to them. 2. Being taxed more heavily can definitely arouse feelings in any person.
Not every person is the same, no. But the observable differences between people can be largely attributed to the circumstances during their lives. Did they have a stable home? Did they go to a good school? Were their parents well-educated? Did they have access to a good diet, education on food, and frequent exercise (i.e., through leisure time)?
In other words, it is far too difficult to identify people who are naturally gifted. There is no way to cleanly divorce mental and physical capabilities from privilege. Evolution cannot be applied to socio-political-economic systems.