LordOfLore
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Video games look better and better with every passing year. Just in the last few months alone weve seen gorgeous technical marvels like Horizon: Zero Dawn, Breath of the Wild, and Injustice 2 (yes, seriously). But while game graphics just keep getting better, loading timesthe bane of all impatient playersdont seem to be improving at all. In some cases, theyre so heinous that theyve got to be beaten into submission with barrages of post-release patches. Will our more powerful, more expensive gaming rigs ever get strong enough to eliminate the wait?
The programmers Ive spoken to say that while games can put exponentially more Stuff on screen than ever before, the hardware that stores and loads that Stuff hasnt improved at the same pace.GPU and CPU performance increases have far outstripped hard drive read speed increases, William Armstrong, a programmer whos worked on games like BioShock 2 and Firewatch, said in an email. Hard drives are constrained by the laws of physics, he said, because the process of reading/writing data always involves converting between pure electrons and some kind of physical apparatus. That will be slower than pure circuitry, he said. Everything is slower than light.
Yes, hard drives can load things faster than they did decades ago, and modern gaming machines have significantly more memory than previous generations, but the boost isnt proportionate. Robert Dieterich, a programmer whos worked on games like Elite Beat Agents and Lips, offered texture sizeswhich make in-game objects and environments look more detailedas an example. If a developer brings average texture size up from 1024x1024 to 2048x2048, he said, the datas four times larger. Going up to 4096x4096 means its 16 times larger.
But, he noted, when you upgrade from the 5400 RPM (rotations per minute) hard drives that were standard a few years ago for todays higher-performance 7200 RPM drives, thats only a 33 percent boost in read performance. Switching to solid-state drives offers significantly better read performanceat higher dollar cost per GBbut youre still fighting against dramatic increases in the size of game data, Dieterich said.
And its not all about texture size, Armstrong notes. As game scope increases, the amount of setup... that goes into making a set of data on disk be the video game increases, he said, things like initializing AI behavior, settling dynamic physics, registering every bit of loot with save/load managers, etc. As game scope keeps increasing, the amount of setup just keeps getting larger.
If anything, given this discrepancy in advancement between data size and hard drive speeds, its actually a wonder that load times havent dramatically increased over the years. This is because developers have created all sorts of techniques to hide or otherwise minimize load times. Loading screens, Dieterich said, usually arent where the loading startsif anything, they are often the tail end of a series of background processes that begin running long before the player careens smack into that progress-stopping, immersion-breaking wall, one that developers look to avoid wherever feasible.
For example, some games begin loading world data during the unskippable company logos at the start of games. Many load the bulk of their worlds before you ever enter them, which is why those initial load screens can be so lengthy. Others stream data in while youre playing, or use a mixture of both those techniques. Many modern games also procedurally generate some of what you encounter in the game world by taking a small amount of data and using it to build larger things, like high-fidelity textures, during runtime. That wall of bricks might not have come from a .BMP file, but from a mathematical equation.