I didn't have to uninstall or reinstall any drivers, I just ran the utility linked in that post, and it gave me a 1440p option in Windows screen resolution setting. It didn't add the option to Catalyst Control Center, it just added it the Windows screen resolution list of supported resolutions, so if I want to use it in game, I have to go to the screen resolution setting in Windows and set it to 1440p each time, or just leave it that way if you want.
I tried doing what you said...And still no VSR. What followed is a strange set of events than made me recover the missing AMD Catayst Control Center right-click shortcut:
Considering Java/Flash had another update, I decided to do a bunch of mass uninstall and mass reinstalls to make sure everything is as fresh as it could be. First I uninstalled all the outdated plugins such as Adobe Flash/Shockwave/AIR along with Java and removed my Microsoft Visual C libraries via Program and Features (since I downloaded the most up-to-date Microsoft VC libraries from their website). Then, I decided to run Display Driver Cleaner without uninstalling the AMD Catalyst Control Center via the Programs and Features control panel. I made sure to let it boot in safe mode and sure enough, it completely uninstalled any trace of the AMD drivers. I reinstalled Catalyst 15.7 as usual along with the other updates, and to my surprise the AMD Catalyst Control Center shortcut returned to the shortcuts when I right click.
Now I tried the VSR enabler once again. Unlike before, several windows popped up saying "Sorry, keys seem to miss. Sorry, can't enable" before a one that simply said "Done". While I never got this error message before prior to the uninstall, the VSR option never really appeared in the previous instance too (there was no other box option besides the "Enable GPU scaling"). I'm not sure if it is really a hardware limitation, or if these recent drivers do need more tuning.