After an inordinate amount of discussions, both in public and privately,
on the situation regarding codecs for <video> and <audio> in HTML5, I have
reluctantly come to the conclusion that there is no suitable codec that
all vendors are willing to implement and ship.
I have therefore removed the two subsections in the HTML5 spec in which
codecs would have been required, and have instead left the matter
undefined, as has in the past been done with other features like <img> and
image formats, <embed> and plugin APIs, or Web fonts and font formats.
The current situation is as follows:
Apple refuses to implement Ogg Theora in Quicktime by default (as used
by Safari), citing lack of hardware support and an uncertain patent
landscape.
Google has implemented H.264 and Ogg Theora in Chrome, but cannot
provide the H.264 codec license to third-party distributors of
Chromium, and have indicated a belief that Ogg Theora's quality-per-bit
is not yet suitable for the volume handled by YouTube.
Opera refuses to implement H.264, citing the obscene cost of the
relevant patent licenses.
Mozilla refuses to implement H.264, as they would not be able to obtain
a license that covers their downstream distributors.
Microsoft has not commented on their intent to support <video> at all.
(Sorry if I've mischaracterised any positions above; the positions are
relatively subtle and so it's likely that I have oversimplified matters.)
I considered requiring Ogg Theora support in the spec, since we do have
three implementations that are willing to implement it, but it wouldn't
help get us true interoperabiliy, since the people who are willing to
implement it are willing to do so regardless of the spec, and the people
who aren't are not going to be swayed by what the spec says.
Going forward, I see several (not mutually exclusive) possibilities, all
of which will take several years:
1. Ogg Theora encoders continue to improve. Off-the-shelf hardware Ogg
Theora decoder chips become available. Google ships support for the
codec for long enough without getting sued that Apple's concern
regarding submarine patents is reduced. => Theora becomes the de facto
codec for the Web.
2. The remaining H.264 baseline patents owned by companies who are not
willing to license them royalty-free expire, leading to H.264 support
being available without license fees. => H.264 becomes the de facto
codec for the Web.
When either of these happen, I will reconsider updating HTML5 accodingly.