There is an idea in American culture that math is like painting or illustration, and you either have a gift for it or not. And I'm not even talking about number theory, I'm referring to basic calculus or even trigonometry.
Many of these concepts escape far too many college age students. They struggle needlessly during mandatory science classes and this is also part of the reason why there's such a divide between STEM and the Liberal Arts in America. The populations of both view the other as some kind of mythical land of strange and foreign peoples.
Which is obviously ridiculous because it would also imply East Asians have some kind of "math gene" that makes them better at basic math than their peers at the high school/under-grad level. I understand things are different at the post-grad level.
It's about diligence, and attitude.
edit. sorry for the rambling post.
This is common around the western world, really.
In my opinion why it is how it is, is partly due to how maths is taught in schools and due to culture.
Cultural aspects of learning mathematics can be attributed partly to social environment the student resides in, but also how that culture clashes with the school culture and the teaching culture of the academic subject. To expand this, every school subject has its own culture meaning specialized vocabulary, research and approach, and every school subject is a subject to that subject's academic culture. (forgive me for repeating things)
When learning maths a pupil doesn't have to just learn how to calculate, but to a) learn the specialist language, b) learn abstractions (1+1 for the uninitiated is completely incomprehensible) c) learn to use the approach to solving problems used by the teacher d) learn to transpose knowledge. A learning process involves learning the skills to learn the subject.
Now thinking about the child who comes to school, who has lived in a certain environment, has learned a certain set of skills and abilities, who approaches new things in a certain way, if the set of skills he has is different from the set of skills needed to learn an academic subject, then the pupil has more to learn than those who know about the conduct beforehand.
Basically what I'm saying is that family and home background has a massive effect on how children learn. In large part it's because some kids have less to learn than others, and kids from different cultural backgrounds have to work different amounts to achieve the same standardized goal in our current approach to schooling.
That sounds a lot like a natural extension of the socratic method.
Mang, if Freire were still alive, dude would be mad saddened to see the current right wing pushback happening in brazilian education. Oh well
It's very simple, there are two questions: What's taught? and What's learned?
You just go from there.
Also, if you go to a classroom where ever in the world, you know you're in a classroom. Teachers in front and students in neat little rows. Have you ever asked why this is? And what does it teach to the students?