i'm struggling to understand this, if you're a racist, you're a racist. i don't think when people are discussing these things, being able to say "oh, he's the type that wouldn't give you a job racist but he wouldn't put a burning cross in your front yard type racist" would make any difference, and more often than not people know the context/circumstance/situation they are discussing no?
Well, as mentioned, the language used in the discussion isn't always the best at carrying across distinction and nuance. Simply saying 'Tolkien was racist', with no other qualification or stated context
can imply that he's on the same level as other, more monstrous people, which can seem particularly at odds with well known points like his rebuke of Nazis and hatred of Apartheid. So people, particularly fans, become inclined to defend him
entirely of wrongdoing, or leave his potential racism as an abstract up in the air, rather than realise the apparent dissonance within his work, and the ways in which - however much 'smaller' than yeah, burning crosses and shit - he used terrible stereotypes, however much the narrative itself states racism is bad.
And unfortunately, as this thread has demonstrated, people don't necessarily know the whole circumstances of what they're discussing, especially when there is a more recognisably popular version of the work in question that simultaneously trims a lot of the fat. It's an unfortunate aspect of trying to talk about Tolkien in general, nevermind for this particular subject.