its the same thing for the observer but not for you if you use it. Because if you do you will die. Your clone will continue life for you but you wont be here to see it.
Then that posits that humans are more than just biological bodies, but also have some unbiological "soul", which would mean that upon the completion of the copy, even though the biological parameters are the same, the soul issue is different. Your teleporation would have to account for the affixation of the soul to the body as well, and it would have to be the very same soul of the body you teleport. If you don´t account for that, then no soul might be affixed to the body at all, or some other soul would be affixed for some reason so the new soul would act differently with the same body, which would make the change readily obvious.
Then you might say, so they create the perfect copy of the soul as well and put it in. But then we go back to your original question and modify it to reflect this - HOW can you tell if the teleportation was done in this way IF they make a perfect copy of your body and soul and put it in the body and nobody knows it was done this way (except the people that oversaw the procedure, and they won´t tell you, because that would spoil the fun)?
Well, if you have the technology to do that, then how about you get the Deathclock scan (the clock tells you how much time you have left until death)? The pre teleportation dude sees the time until the teleporation, teh new dude sees the time until death or the next teleport. By your rules, he has memories so he would know the difference.
There is also a question of, if there is a such thing as a soul, does it go with you? Does God move it from here to there? Or is it somehow contained in the atoms? Maybe everyone that's been teleported is now soulless and their soul is in the afterlife going like "wth, my body is still out there running around?" There were religious groups in Star Trek, but I never really understood them beyond they had a belief in God, and in the case of the Klingons they basically had a form of viking like paganism.
His teleportation method is about material recreation and destruction. If soul were some material, then that would be recreated too under his conditions. I believe soul is not material, it cannot be created as a variation of atoms or any other particles, and therefore, the only solution to