20 years ago a movie released that changed the public perception about Dinosaurs. While that film needs no introduction, I am of course speaking of Jurassic Park. Jurassic Park was a science fiction film that brought audiences the closest they had ever been to the magnificent creatures that went extinct over 65 million years ago. The Dinosaurs looked real! This was no small feat, and Stan Winston Studios (now Legacy Effects) and ILM deserve massive credit for creating the technology present in this film that paved the way for modern special effects. As Jurassic Park gears up for a 3D rerelease in theaters April 5th, its accomplishments are all the more evident- the movie still looks amazing, the Dinosaurs are still jaw dropping. Steven Spielberg truly created a timeless film.
But beyond the technology, what is it about the Dinosaurs in Jurassic Park that makes them so believable? Other movies featuring Dinosaurs have come out since then, but they have hardly had the impact of Jurassic Park. Take Peter Jacksons King Kong (2005) for example, which featured numerous species of Dinosaurs backed up by cutting edge special effects. While that movie employed techniques that ILM could only have dreamed about in 1993, why is that so many state the Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park are more believable? The answer is science. Jurassic Park employed an amazing blend of science fact and science fiction. Steven Spielberg and author of the novel, Michael Crichton, went out of their way to include the latest findings when it came to creating the world of Jurassic Park, and by doing so created a revolution when it came to the public perception of Dinosaurs. No longer were they viewed as reptilian tail dragging monsters; Jurassic Park allowed audiences to see Dinosaurs as agile and intelligent animals. The heavy focus on science had created believable animals, not cringe-worthy monsters.
Jurassic Park was not a monster movie. It was not a horror movie. It was not a mindless action flick. Mind you, while it had certain elements of those listed, it went out of its way to craft an believable and engaging plot driven by science. Now believe me that as much as I hate to admit it, I am well aware that we cannot clone Dinosaurs from DNA preserved in amber. I know that the Tyrannosaurus Rex was not blind to stationary objects, and that Dilophosaurus did not have a frill nor could it spit venom. I am not saying Jurassic Park was perfect, nor would I want it to be. Entertainment is important in cinema, and many of the inaccuracies played a huge role in the suspense of the movie. That said, these inaccuracies did not, at their very essence, break what we knew about Dinosaurs. Artistic license was taken, but the Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park were still believable as ancient prehistoric animals brought back to life. At every corner of the movie Spielberg and co. went out of their way to craft a believable experience that would wow and entertain audiences while still staying grounded in realism.
Jurassic Park at its very essence was about science- the science of bringing Dinosaurs back to life, the science of making Dinosaurs real and believable, the main characters who were heavily rooted in science, etc. The movie at its very core brought the latest science to life, and heavily focused many plot points around it. This is what makes the latest tweet from newly appointed Jurassic Park 4 director Colin Trevorrow (@colintrevorrow) so distressing. Colins first official words about JP4 since his announcement were simple and to the point- No feathers. #JP4. That simple tweet has entirely shattered the philosophy that Jurassic Park was built upon- embracing modern science. Feathers have become synonymous with Dinosaurs in recent years. While they were once thought to be an anomaly that only bird-like Dinosaurs had, recent discoveries have shown that the vast majority of Dinosaur may have likely been sporting feathery plumage. While the thought of a Tyrannosaurus Rex covered in feathers may seem foreign and bizarre, it isnt as unlikely as you may think. Newley discovered Yutyrannus sported a feathery coat, and it is one of the Tyrant Lizard Kings close ancestors. This large (30ft long) Tyrannosaurid is anything but a Raptor, and was nearly entirely covered by basic feathers. This was a breakthrough when it came to feathers; Tyrannosaurids are not related to Dromaeosaurs, which are the ancient relatives to the modern bird and family to the famous Velociraptor. Another non-avian dinosaur to sport early feathers is the Ceratopsian Psittacosaurus, and while that name may be less familiar to some, it is the relative to the well known Triceratops. Psittacosaurus sported long, feather-like quills protruding from its back and tail, and has lead some to believe other larger Ceratopsians sported those as well. It has become clear that feathers did not evolve with avian Dinosaurs, and had existed some time before them. While further studies must be done to see where feathers originated, and which Dinosaurs sported them, more and more evidence leads to the belief that most Dinosaur had feathers in one form or another.
Now, dont get me wrong, we have skin impressions from numerous dinosaurs as well. From the mosaic pattern skin of the Tyrannosaurus Rex, the pebbly skin of Hadrosaurs to the scute covered Carnotaurus it is clear that not all dinosaur sported plumage. At least, not entirely. Unfortunately we will likely never know every Dinosaur that was feathered nor how widespread the coverage on the body was, but we do know that they were common amongst many species. So why is it that Jurassic Park 4 chooses to ignore such a critical piece of Dinosaur science? To be blunt, the blame is on you. The general public chooses to ignore feathers, scoff at them or be entirely ignorant of their existence. Jurassic Park fans have grown up in love with the original designs and stubbornly refuse to accept advancements in science. Dont get me wrong, I absolutely love the original designs of the Dinosaurs, particularly the Tyrannosaurus and would hate to see it altered in Jurassic Park 4. That said, Im sure many said the same thing going into Jurassic Park- the movie ruined the image of those prehistoric tail dragging monsters. Now personally I am not suggesting that Trevorrow and co. completely re-do the Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park. While I expect the designs to change and be updated, I am happy to accept them with their inaccuracies as part of the established fiction. With the returning favorites they can easily embrace modern science in their behavior rather than their appearance. But what of species that will be new to Jurassic Park? Surely there was room to give a cameo to a feathered critter like the Microraptor? Simply putting a feathered Dinosaur in the movie would do wonders for the public perception and understanding of Dinosaur biology and evolution. The public is ready for feathered Dinosaurs whether they realize it or not, and it saddens me that Jurassic Park 4 will take a step backwards when it comes to the perception of Dinosaur appearance. Jurassic Park has the chance to reach audiences that Paleontologists could only dream of, and many of those watching the movie will base their perception of Dinosaurs strictly on the film. Spielberg knew this when making the first film and went out of his way to create believable animals that would truly emulate bringing Dinosaurs back from the dead.
For a franchise that built its foundations on embracing science the act of entirely ignoring feathered Dinosaur is saddening. Not only has it it skipped over an opportunity to share something with millions of viewers that was likely unknown to many of them, it has chosen to disregard its heritage of what made the franchise a success. I am not alone in my disappointment in this decision- many in the scientific community have already shared their distress. This is a step back for Jurassic Park, a franchise that prided itself in its ability to embrace science and entertainment in a way that other films have never achieved. As a fan of Dinosaurs, a fan of science and most of all, a fan of Jurassic Park I am deeply disappointed, and hope those involved will reconsider their stance on the matter. There is room in Jurassic Park for a feathered Dinosaur, and I hope the spot does not remain vacant.