056 - Mankey
Fighting
Mankey is the first Fighting-type Pokemon I've covered so far, and I think I mentioned this before, but the Fighting-type is probably my favorite Type overall. In Red and Blue, Fighting-type Pokemon didn't really appear till after the first quarter of the game, and by then the Normal-type and Rock-type Pokemon they were effective against had become less of an issue for the player. The only other Type they were effective against, Ice-type Pokemon, also didn't really appear till the Elite Four, so for much of the game Fighting-type Pokemon really didn't specialize in any specific role except for providing all-around bulk. It also didn't help that Poison and Psychic Type Pokemon, who resist Fighting-type attacks, were so common. That being said, sometimes just going with a strong attacker is a good strategy, and thus I feel Fighting-type Pokemon carved out a niche for themselves where they're easily splashable into any in-game team and never really lose their luster like some of the other Types as the game progresses.
Mankey began the Pokemon series as a Red-version Exclusive opposite Meowth, but in Pokemon Yellow was given a much more vital role. In the original Red, Mankey didn't appear till after Cerulean City (and thus he doesn't really provide much support till Lorelai), and couldn't naturally learn any Fighting-type attacks until Seismic Toss, which didn't even factor Type Advantage. This was back when Karate Chop was oddly enough a Normal-type move, by the way. In Yellow, however, Mankey now appeared right around Pewter City, and could pick up Low Kick at Level 9. The reason for this is probably to balance out Brock, who was quite tough for those who went with Charmander in Pokemon Red and Blue due to the lack of Grass/Water/Fighting-type Pokemon, and would be equally hard for every Yellow player since they got Pikachu.
Many Fighting-type Pokemon are "humanshape", as you'd expect them to be, but Mankey is one of the more basic animal designs among the Type. I'm not sure if Mankey is based on any particular monkey---the closest match I can find is the Hamadryas baboon, which has the same fur color, a similar nose, and are known for their rather aggressive personalities. Mankey is known as the "Pig Monkey Pokemon", which always confused me---is he meant to be part pig? I thought this might be a mistranslation, but nope, that's pretty much what he's known as in Japan as well. It seems to simply refer to his pig-like nose, but I've never seen any monkeys referred to having pig-like noses, nor did it seem that was a common term in Japanese either from what I can tell, so I don't know what Game Freak was smoking. By the way, in 2008, there was a pig in China born with a strange, monkey-like face---so close!
There's an idea that Fighting-type Pokemon are "noble" individuals, thus setting them up as the foil against Dark-type Pokemon, but Mankey goes against this idea---it's a creature motivated by anger, and doesn't seem to specialize in any actual style, rather it could be classified as a berserker without any true skill or technique. Mankey's anger issues are no doubt a reference to how violent and vicious monkeys can be, as quite a few unfortunate pet owners can attest to. A common way monkeys show aggressiveness is by baring their teeth which Mankey lacks---but I assume this is a stylistic choice, and it does have a mouth, the art just exaggerates how hairy its fur is. Like how Zubat's ears might trick your mind into seeing them as eyes, or not really noticing the missing eyes until you think about it, Mankey's nose stands in for its mouth and can trick your mind into forgetting the strangeness of a mouthless monkey.
Mankey's most notable appearance in the show is of course in Primeape Goes Bananas, where it first steals a rice ball from Ash and his friends before going after Ash's trusty hat. I believe this episode perhaps might be a reference to the classic Japanese fable, "The Monkey-Crab Battle", in which a mean-spirited monkey tries to trick a crab into giving up her rice-ball. Now, there's no crab in this episode, however I don't think I'm looking too far into this, as one of the anime's promotional art images for Krabby also shows it holding a rice-ball as a probable reference to this story. Of course, to us uncultured English folks, rather than rice balls we got...JELLY DONUTS!
057 - Primeape
Fighting
Primeape is the evolved form of Mankey. There's nothing particular remarkable about Primeape in the overall Pokemon canon, except that according to one of the novelizations of the show written by Takeshi Shudo, chief writer of the original anime series, Primeape was involved in the creation of PokeBalls, presumably due to people needing a way to hold such a violent creature. Shudo's "views" of the series shouldn't be taken as canon to the games, but nonetheless are quite interesting---in fact in Meowth's entry, I made note of how weird it was that Meowth can understand other Pokemon who presumably have their own language, and in fact in Shudo's book it references this oddity as saying Meowth also had to train to be able to do that. Shudo's original ideas for the series were also somewhat dark, implying that being a Gym Leader was a horrible job, and that ten-year olds are considered adults and can be charged as such as well as marry at that age. O-okay?
Anyway, let's talk about Primeape now! In common knowledge, monkeys have tails (although not all actually do), while apes do not, and therefore this line represents that change from monkey -> ape, and then, perhaps at one point in the past, into humans? A common joke, even referenced in one of the PokePark games, is that Primeape can still learn Iron Tail despite lacking a tail. Of course, this is simply for gameplay purposes as Pokemon keep their TM compatibility upon evolving. Hey, sometimes you gotta put the game over realism. Another change in Primeape is that its fur sheds a bit, revealing its bare arms and legs, while simultaneously becoming spikier around the center.
As a Fighting-type Pokemon, Primeape is a bit more humanoid than Mankey, wearing metallic braces around its wrists and ankles. Nothing in the PokeDex mentions what the purpose of these are, or where they came from, but perhaps they're supposed to represent chains you might see a gorilla trapped in (think King Kong) that Primeape managed to escape from. They also may be weights meant for training purposes, such as how Goku would use weighted clothing in Dragon Ball while training. Speaking of which, I wonder if the idea of a powerful, mindlessly angry ape was perhaps inspired by the Great Ape from Dragon Ball? It wouldn't surprise me if that was the idea Game Freak had when creating the line, honestly, since Sugimori's earlier art was very similar to Toriyama's.
Like Mankey, Primeape has anger issues, specifically when you make eye-contact with it which is trait shared by real-life baboons, and many other animals. If you're a socially awkward nerd such as myself, sometimes being too timid to make eye-contact can be a positive thing! Once Primeape notices you making eye contact with it, it's said it'll chase you down---even defeating it won't calm its anger. As its gets angrier, its blood flows faster and faster, increasing its muscle strength, and it can actually get so mad in later games that its anger turns into "burning anger", as it's capable of learning Overheat.
Anyway, the Mankey that stole Ash's hat? You probably know the rest, Team Rocket makes it even angrier, it evolves into Primeape, Ash catches it, uses it for one episode to win a Fighting-type tournament, and then it's taken away from him to become a "P-1 Grand Prix Champion" and never appears again. However, Primeape has made some cameos since then in two of the Japanese openings for the Battle Frontier and Best Wishes seasons alongside Ash's other Pokemon, and in the Best Wishes opening, actually appears alongside the other Pokemon at Professor Oak's laboratory. Some people thought this meant we'd finally, finally see his grand return, but alas, the only appearance Primeape made was popping up in a flashback showing his fight against Ash's Charmander in an episode focused on Ash's Charizard. By the way, there was an episode in Johto featuring a Primeape, and even directly referenced the P-1 Grand Prix, but no mention of Ash's Primeape was made. In fact, no one brought up the fact that Ash had actually won the P-1 Grand Prix either! I mean, clearly the writers remember the P-1 Grand Prix exists (an anime-only invention), so why can't they remember that they had Ash win it?!