I really enjoy how 2049 revels in ambiguity. If the movie had given us one extra scene with Joi being one way or the other, we may be able to definitively say whether she had transcended her programming and was capable of "love". Instead, Villeneuve teases us both ways, but for me the teasing is almost besides the point, or rather the teasing itself reveals the true answer: It doesnt matter.
The central thesis of Blade Runner has always been what it means to be human, not cleaving to hard definitions of what is and what isnt. Being human is always portrayed as an active striving, a process. Roy trying to grasp for more life. Deckard choosing to shed his shitty existence and start living. K deciding to ignore the world and reunite Deckard with his daughter.
Since we can never see the world from the vantage point of another being, all we can do is to take what we see at face value. What Joi expresses is an active and adaptive affection towards K. Of course that is part of her programming, but as many have mentioned already, we are all programmed in a sense, with our sensibilities and personalities emerging from the interactions between our base script and the world. If one accepts that free will is an illusion, that we are merely biological beings with behaviour within set (albeit very flexible) parameters, that love is merely a replicable biochemical reaction, and that a romantic relationship comprises constant and changing acts of respect and reciprocity, then the love shared between Joi and K, two commercial produced but very sophisticated beings, is indistinguishable from the one expressed between real human beings. (Both Gosling and Ana de Armas certainly play it that way)
Now, on choice.
I would like to talk about Star Trek.
Mike Stoklasa, redlettermedia
Theres an episode from The Next Generation called
The Perfect Mate. In it, Famke Janssen plays Kamala, a woman who is to be married off to end a war between two planets. Her ability as an empath means that she can sense the desires of others around her and adapt accordingly to become the perfect mate. Obviously, she attracts attention from everyone while aboard the Enterprise, but she becomes intrigued by Picard. The two spend a lot of time together to salvage the mission and subsequently grow close. Picard resists her abilities, telling her that he wants her to be who she wants to be, but Kamala explains that the woman he desires is exactly who she wants to be. Before she goes through with the arranged marriage to fulfill her duty to bring peace between two worlds, she chooses to imprint permanently onto Picard, knowing that she will never be happy as the wife of some cold regent by choosing to become Picard's ideal mate, someone who is intelligent, compassionate, and duty-bound.
The parallels with the Joi situation are obvious. A lot of people also see this episode as an indulgent male fantasy, and I can definitely see that aspect, but I think it also provides interesting ideas to ponder. What part is Kamala simply saying what Picard wants to hear because of her nature, and what part is Kamala truly wanting to be with Picard? As with Joi, all the arguments Kamala construes to try to entice Picard falls within what he wants to hear, even down to her choice of imprinting herself to him while going off to do her duty (Because Picard loves that type of noblility.) And even though Picard resists and is always trying to do the right and respectful thing (much like K when everytime he goes you dont have to say that.), the bond has been forged. It exists. Whatever else can be said about the situation, that cannot be denied.
Yes, Joi is programmed to love K. Once again, we are not given enough information to see whether she does anything outside of that mandate, as almost all of her actions could arguably be included within the scope of everything the owner wants to see and hear.
But again, I think the film asks, does that matter? The lack of choice and agency does not diminish what and how we feel. Is the love between so many couples in arranged marriages less than the one we seek in another type of partnership? Can love which may initially be an obligation not blossom into something more deep and profound? Expanding the sphere of consideration, which is what Blade Runner does, is the love expressed so fiercely in a dog that we have selectively bred over millennia to be absolutely loyal any less real or diminished?
Again, I am not arguing whether these arrangements are right or not, merely that we all know of situations like these, and to outright dismiss that the feelings and connections that may arise, obtained even under what we deem to be morally dubious circumstances, would constitute a denial of someones reality.