I think no one can tell you that just yet. Actually, there's not even a proper answer for those who OWNS a 4K TV. We will have to wait, so we can see what the console can do by itself, without patches, and how many devs will support their games with a proper patch.
Apparently the console will do some improvements without patches; which is great:
http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/digitalfoundry-2017-project-scorpio-tech-revealed
But we also don't know how substantial those upgrades will be.
I'm sure we don't have the full details yet, but we do know something about how unpatched games will see improvements based on the Eurogamer reveal.
1. "Boost Mode" like PS4 Pro except always turned on and using the full capabilities of the system whereas PS4 Pro only upclocked the CPU, upclocked half the GPU, and uses the additional memory bandwidth. The other half of the GPU is completely unused on the PS4 Pro in Boost Mode. As already mentioned, this leads to games sticking to to their target frame rate, running at much higher frame rates if frame rates are unlocked, and sticking to their maximum resolution if they are using a dynamic resolution system.
2. Faster load times. The extra 3 GB of RAM that is known to not be in use for an unpatched game is smartly used as a RAM drive. Also the faster CPU is utilized to improve this even further in addition to 50% more bandwidth from the HDD itself over the XB1's hard drive.
3. Automatic 16x AF implemented at a system level making for clearer textures.
4. Screen tearing eliminated. They are implementing a system level VSync like they do for XB1 on Xbox 360 BC games.
5. Better GameDVR. Higher quality screen captures, now at 1080P/60 instead of 720P/30. And the ability to go back frame by frame through a GameDVR clip to find the best screenshot you want from that clip. Scorpio games will record at 4K/60.
All of the above will apply to Xbox 360 BC games as well.
As far as the super sampling goes. That is done at a system level as well, but only for games that are running in a Scorpio 4k or high res (if not 4k) mode. If you're on a 1080P TV, the system will automatically do supersampling so the devs don't have to. This has actually been a problem on PS4 Pro as some devs have been lazy and decided not to implement supersampling.
To be clear, the system level supersampling is only done for games with a Scorpio high res mode or what you're calling patched. It wouldn't even make sense for it to supersample on old XB1 games that were not patched to have a Scorpio mode as there would not be a higher resolution to supersample from. The max any XB1 game targets is 1080P.