With all due respect, as dumb as Goten and Truks' SSJ transformations were, there is no canon explanation for why they are SSJ. It might be because Goku and Vegeta ascended to a SSJ Base form around the Cell games saga and concieved Trunks/Goten in that phase, who knows. However, for Caulifla, there is now a canon explanation on how to go SSJ and it's dumb.
Come to think of it, I have a small rant in general regarding powerups. Even the way Cabba went SSJ is kind of bullshit in my opinion. If awaken rage is the prerequiside to go SSJ, Goku should have become SSJ during his fight with Raditz, Vegeta or earlier in his fight with Freeza where he was drowned.
Regarding the "rage/anger" powerup, even that is inconsistent. I really disliked that Zamasu telling Goku that he killed Chichi and Goten gave him a marginal power boost, if any at all. FFS you're wife and son were killed! This is completely out of sync with Vegeta's rage boost when Beerus slapped Bulma, or that glorious moment when Goku got a rage boost after being drowned by Freeza and imagining loosing his family... Goku endured fighting on the edge for a large period of time before he was pushed over the edge and became SSJ. Cabba wasn't even on the edge for more than 5 minutes, let alone being pushed over the edge...