Having worked for a non-profit in the poorest neighborhood in Denver (Five Points. You'd think it was South Central if you took a snapshot), I can tell you that much of what makes it so hard for african americans to succeed is systemic.
Imagine you grew up in a household where your father is largely absent (or in jail), and your mother tries her damndest to put you through school and teach you values while trying to pay for all the necessities that the two of you must pay for. Also imagine that you have siblings, possibly from multiple other fathers (a sadly common issue). Imagine you drop out of high school because no one tells you not to. In fact, there are more people telling you that high school is a waste of time than there are people telling you that you HAVE to get an education to get anywhere in life.
Imagine that the only role models you really develop are musicians and athletes (not because you're stupid or ignorant, but because that's where people you identify visibly succeed). These are the people that you see on TV all the time making money. (this is a separate issue, as a lot of african american youth hang their career hats upon the 1/100000 chance that they will play in the NBA, or become a famous musician)
Now imagine the life you grew up with. Imagine how much harder you have to work in that life, than in the one you were born into. This isn't some anomaly. I worked with hundreds of these kids every DAY. They're good kids with no true and proper guidance, who really want to succeed and make something of themselves. Some of them succeed, finish high school, go on to college, and come back years later to thank us for our help. Hundreds of others used to call me on me at work and tell me they were done with school. Not because it was too hard or they were too stupid. They were smart kids. Some of them were incredibly articulate kids with minor but untreated learning disabilities.
No, these kids left because they left before, and every time you leave, it becomes easier, and easier and easier.
I've lived a pretty charmed existence, going from elementary, to high school, to college, and into a job without much pause. I didn't have any episodes, no drop outs, and no real trouble. It took working in Five Points to really understand how much they work against. They're not just working against "the man," they're working against an entire sub-societal zeitgeist, and the shoddy training they picked up from the parents that cared but didn't have time, the friends that didn't have their best interests at heart, and the streets.
Sorry, I was hoping to keep that short.