The Revolutionary war was fought at a time when the colonies/US were much smaller than now, and war was fought with more balanced weapons (even then it was mostly fought with war weapons provided by external allies, so the ability of owning over-the-counter weapons wouldn't have changed much one way or another).
Civil War is states fighting each other, so it's regular army A vs regular army B, private ownership of weapons doesn't make a difference either.
And of course all of that happened more than a century ago at the latest. That was before cars, planes, drones, bombs, internet, nukes, tanks, helicopters...
I'm not sure I understand the scenarios you're describing. For example if a cop is abusing his authority against an individual, the individual should be able to shoot him ?