4-step healthcare solution
Basically,
1. Cut back hard on medical licensing requirements. There are laws in many places that require a fully skilled medical practitioner to be present to perform procedures that can really be far more cheaply done by interns. This simultaneously reduces costs for existing patients and creates a better medical education system, since doctors can gain experience through internships rather than stay in college for 5 years and end up in a $100k debt hole.
2. Implement a visa program that allows doctors from Vietnam, Thailand, etc to import themselves and start providing health care at vastly cheaper prices. Bumrungrad, for example, which is based in Thailand, offers prices about 3-4x lower than those in the US.
Cut back patents. The current system does not drive companies to spend money on research and development, it drives companies to spend money on marketing. A moderate proposal would be to cut back patents to 1-3 years.
3. Take away the tax subsidies on employer-based healthcare, perhaps passing a one-time measure that requires insurers to allow individuals to transfer current employer-based plans to individual ones. Employer-based healthcare dampens free market incentives, and serves only to make people more dependent on their employers to survive - currently, if you get cancer, the guy you work for suddenly becomes a labor market monopolist to you and can basically treat you as badly as he wants.
5. Health insurance exchanges to promote clarity in pricing. Government can run them, and arguably should given the state of our current society, but theoretically any kind of trusted institution can do the job.
But that's just my take.